Residuos sólidos en hospitales de referencia de la Región Puno / Solid waste in reference hospitals of the Puno Region

Los hospitales más concurridos en la región Puno son Hospital Regional Manuel Núñez Butrón, Hospital Carlos Monge Medrano. Objetivos: Determinar cómo es el manejo de residuos sólidos hospitalarios de hospitales de referencia. Material y métodos: Se emplea una lista de verificación para el manejo de residuos sólidos hospitalarios en acondicionamiento, se calibrando al personal con la oficina de salud ambiental. Resultados: En la fase o etapa de acondicionamiento se tiene un 96.84% de manejo con la normativa técnica empleada en el Hospital Regional Manuel Núñez Butrón, en contraste con un 97.96% de manejo con la normativa técnica empleada en el Hospital Carlos Monge Medrano, Quispe y Zamata encontraron datos del 67% de riesgo de punzo cortantes y solo realizan clasificación, Jara encontró deficiente conocimiento en personal de enfermería. Conclusiones: Los hospitales de referencia regional cuentan con un manejo de recolección conforme su normatividad. (AU)

The most popular hospitals in the Puno region are Manuel Núñez Butrón Regional Hospital, Carlos Monge Medrano Hospital. Objectives: To determine the management of solid hospital waste from reference hospitals. Material and methods: A checklist is used for the management of hospital solid wastes in conditioning, the personnel being calibrated with the environmental health office. Results: At the stage or stage of conditioning, there is a 96.84% of management with the technical regulations used in the Regional Hospital Manuel Núñez Butrón, in contrast to a 97.96% of management with the technical regulations used in the Hospital Carlos Monge Medrano, Quispe and Zamata found data of 67% risk of sharp puncture and only perform classification, Jara found deficient knowledge in nursing staff. Conclusions: Hospitals of regional reference have a management of collection according to their normativity. (AU)

A experiência de uma estudante do curso técnico em enfermagem sobre a separação de resíduos sólidos no Grupo Hospitalar Conceição

Este relatório é resultado das experiências vivenciadas em estágios realizados durante o curso técnico de enfermagem da Escola do Grupo Hospitalar Conceição. Escolhi este tema porque desde os primeiros estágios percebi a importância que alguns técnicos em enfermagem davam para a separação e descarte correto dos resíduos sólidos dos estabelecimentos de saúde. Outros, não valorizavam esta tarefa. A legislação existente é clara quanto à classificação, separação, gerenciamento, destinação e tratamento final de cada tipo de resíduo. Observei que, numa mesma instituição e até num mesmo setor, os funcionários agem deforma diferente com relação a este tema, uns descartando de forma correta e outros não. Os resíduos sólidos gerados pelos estabelecimentos de assistência à saúde, senão segregados corretamente, causam um grande impacto no meio ambiente. O descarte incorreto de material contaminado e de artigos perfurocortantes expõem trabalhadores e outras pessoas que circulam no mesmo ambiente a acidentes com material biológico, com graves riscos à saúde. O descarte incorreto de outros materiais não contaminados também reduz a possibilidade de destinação correta (reciclagem) e consequentemente afetam o meio ambiente.

Legislação e quadro legal da gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos em Moçambique / Legislation and legal framework of urban solid waste management in Mozambique

Este artigo descreve a base legal que regula a gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos em Moçambique com a visão focada nas organizações de coleta seletiva e reciclagem. Para tanto, fez-se uso do método analítico-descritivo, utilizando como estratégia metodológica o levantamento bibliográfico e documental em obras de maior relevância sobre o tema abordado, a partir do qual, foi feita uma análise descritiva da legislação e das normas legais. A pesquisa demonstrou que a legislação ambiental apresenta as normas ambientais, contudo, há inadequação dos meios de implementação, por carência de recursos materiais, técnicos, humanos e financeiros. A legislação ambiental moçambicana contém instrumentos importantes para permitir o avanço necessário ao país no enfrentamen todos principais problemas ambientais, sociais e econômicos decorrentes do manejo inadequado dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU). Destaca-se o fato de prever a redução na geração de resíduos, propondo o reuso e o reaproveitamento. Uma lacuna da legislação é que não menciona a pertinência da elaboração de um Plano Estratégico Nacional e/ou Municipal de Resídios Sólidos Urbanos, instrumento estratégico diretor da gestão de RSU, fundamental para que o setor possa dispor de orientações e objetivos claros, bem como de uma estratégia de investimento. A legislação não apresenta instrumentos para propiciara reciclagem e o reaproveitamento, nem faz referência à participação de organizações de coleta seletiva e reciclagem no sistema de gestão de resíduos sólidos dos municípios, como forma de enfrentamento à pobreza e aos problemas causados pelos resíduos sólidos.

This article describes the legal framework that regulates urban solid waste management in Mozambique, with focus on recycling organizations. The methodology of the research was based on analysis of Mozambican environmental laws and secondary data available in newsletters and other documents. Between the positive aspects of Mozambican environmental legislation, it is highlighted the fact that the law emphasizes reuse and return of residues. A gap on law is the lack of reference to participation of organizations dedicated to benefit and to recycle urban solid waste. There is no foresight of the municipality financing recycling projects/programs developed by scavengers. The research shows that formulation of public policies of solid waste must consider articulating and integrating recycling organizations of waste management as a local solution for the environmental and social problems faced by the municipality.

Analisis Ectororial de Residuos Sólidos. Honduras

El análisis sectorial de residuos sólidos de Honduras, realizado por el Gobierno de la República de Honduras, con asistencia técnica y financiera de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS/OMS), representa un importante esfuerzo y avance para que los tomadores de decisión, cuenten con una base conceptual que les sirva de orientación en la formulación e implementación de políticas, estrategias y planes de acción, que contribuirán de manera sustancial en el ordenamiento y fortalecimiento de los aspectos institucionales, legales, económicos, técnicos y sociales relacionados con el sector. A fin de consolidar el sector de residuos sólidos en el país, es importante en primera instancia conocer las principales debilidades y aspectos críticos identificados en cada uno de los componentes analizados, presentados resumidamente a continuación.

Projeto fortalecendo a Operação Cata-bagulho da Cidade Ademar da Coordenadoria Regional de Saúde Sul / Project Operation Cata-strengthening stuff Ademar City of South Regional Health

A experiência propôs o fortalecimento e a territorialização das ações das Operações Cata Bagulho. A Operação Cata Bagulho é um Programa da Secretaria de Coordenação das Subprefeituras. Na microrregião Cidade Ademar, esse programa é de responsabilidade da Subprefeitura local e conta com o apoio da Supervisão Técnica de Saúde de Santo Amaro e Cidade Ademar e da Estratégia Saúde da Família das Unidades Básicas de Saúde de gestão da OS-ACSC. As ações foram desenvolvidas por meio de planejamento participativo dos Gerentes das Unidades de Saúde, profissionais do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família – NASF, dos educadores ambientais do Programa Ambientes Verdes e Saudáveis – PAVS e profissionais das equipes de saúde da família(AU)

Estaciones de transferencia de residuos

Explica que estas estaciones de transferencia son instalaciones donde los residuos de los vehículos recolectores son transferidos a equipos de transporte de gran capacidad de carga los cuales llevan los residuos al centro de disposición final

Estaciones de transferencia de residuos

Explica que estas estaciones de transferencia son instalaciones donde los residuos de los vehículos recolectores son transferidos a equipos de transporte de gran capacidad de carga los cuales llevan los residuos al centro de disposición final

Residuos sólidos urbanos de la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires

Contenido: 1. Los residuos sólidos en la Región Metropolitana.- 2. La gestión integral de los residuos sólidos urbanos domiciliarios.- 3. Procesos de reducción y reutilización de los residuos sólidos urbanos domiciliarios.- 4. Aspectos institucionales y legales.- Síntesis y conclusiones.- Anexo

Transporte de residuos sólidos urbanos por ferrocarril

Aborda la problemática del transporte de residuos sólidos por ferrocarril, describiendo la caracterización del sistema, recolección y transferencia. Remarca la evaluación del proyecto y el análisis costo-beneficio

Transporte de residuos sólidos urbanos por ferrocarril

Aborda la problemática del transporte de residuos sólidos por ferrocarril, describiendo la caracterización del sistema, recolección y transferencia. Remarca la evaluación del proyecto y el análisis costo-beneficio

Residuos sólidos urbanos de la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires

Contenido: 1. Los residuos sólidos en la Región Metropolitana.- 2. La gestión integral de los residuos sólidos urbanos domiciliarios.- 3. Procesos de reducción y reutilización de los residuos sólidos urbanos domiciliarios.- 4. Aspectos institucionales y legales.- Síntesis y conclusiones.- Anexo

Regional Evaluation Municipal Solid Waste Management Services. Country Analytical Report, Antigua and Barbuda. Evaluation 2002

[Introduction] The process of collecting and developing the data required for the production of Evaluation 2002 for Antigua and Barbuda was carried out by a PAHO representative in conjunction with the General Manager and other personnel of the National Solid Waste Management Authority of Antigua and Barbuda. Assistance was given by the Operations Manager, the Disposal Manager, the Financial Officer and the Environmental Education Officer. The National Coordinating Committee established by NWSMA provided assistance in the review of the questionnaire and by critical review of the Country Analytical Report. The overall management of solid waste in Antigua and Barbuda is controlled by the National Solid Waste Management Authority with offices located near St. John's, Antigua. This is a statutory body established in 1999 by the Government under the Solid Waste Management Act (1995). Both landfills have a system of leachate collection and treatment. At the present time treatment is limited to biological oxidation in leachate holding ponds. Provision has been made for the recycle of leachate from the holding ponds back to the landfill, but this is intended more to increase the rate of biodegradation of the waste in the landfill than as treatment for the leachate. The solid waste management system in Antigua/Barbuda is a good example of a system which has apparently reached maturity and which suits the needs of the communities served more than adequately. There are numerous areas of obvious strength in the system and how it performs. Equally there are virtually no areas of significant weakness. A major strength is a high degree of public awareness and interest both in litter removal from the road system and in environmental matters generally. A public education system exists in the primary schools. The program is not a formal part of the curriculum but is conducted on an as requested basis. In addition, the NSWMA operates a public awareness campaign at the adult level. The latter campaign has resulted in a high level of public support as well as wide acceptance of the NSWMA.

Regional Evaluation Municipal Solid Waste Management Services. Country Analytical Report, St. Lucia. Evaluation 2002

[Executive Summary] St. Lucia is an independent country within the British Commonwealth. The country is a member of the OECS and is located in the south central portion of the Caribbean between Martinique and St. Vincent. The solid waste management system falls under the St. Lucia Solid Waste Management Authority, a semiautonomous body under the Ministry of Planning. The solid waste disposal system has been largely privatized with only the operation of the Vieux Fort disposal site currently under direct SLSWMA control. Solid waste disposal is to the new Deglos secure landfill (75%) and the older Vieux Fort controlled landfill (25%). The Deglos site was financed under the WB/CDB solid waste initiatives as were improvements to the Vieux Fort site. St. Lucia has a minimal legal framework for the solid waste management system. Despite the apparent dissatisfaction with the Solid waste Management Act (1996) and the failure to pass an equivalent ship generated waste act or to develop a regulatory framework, SLSWMA continues to function both smoothly and well. The major strength of the system lies in the strong administrative staff of SLSWMA and the firm direction provided. This administrative strength has permitted the development of a fully equitable collection and disposal system of high quality. Equally impressive is the intimate knowledge of the detailed operation of the system that is displayed by senior management. The grasp of financial affairs is particularly good.

Regional Evaluation Municipal Solid Waste Management Services. Country Analytical Report, Anguilla. Evaluation 2002

[Introduction] The process of developing the data required to produce Evaluation 2002 was carried out by a PAHO representative in cooperation with the Primary Health Care Department and the Environmental Health Unit of the Government of Anguilla. Extensive cooperation was received from the Statistics Department of Anguilla and from Halcrow Group Ltd. UK. Anguilla is a very small country in the Caribbean and, as a consequence, all local participating bodies are directly linked to the National Government. Solid waste management does not constitute a major factor in local planning strategy. The solid waste system that is in place operates to the full satisfaction of the Government. The last major planning that was undertaken resulted in the privatization of the waste disposal system. Disposal is in a secure sanitary landfill located downwind from most residential areas. The area available for landfill is estimated to be adequate for the next twenty years without expansion. With so large an area, the necessity for volume reduction is not critical. Open burning is practiced for bulky wastes such as construction lumber and non-returnable pallets. Nuisance from the resulting smoke and odour is minimized by restricting burning to days when the wind is in a direction that puts the landfill site downwind of any residence. The current solid waste management system is considered adequate and is unlikely to change materially in the near future. The Government is showing a tendency to contract out most of the services associated with the system. The Government expects to reduce its involvement to pure supervision of the system in a relatively short time. The only major disposal problem is for spent tires which cannot be burned. The Government is examining the possibility of shredding these items for shipment off island as a fuel.

Regional Evaluation Municipal Solid Waste Management Services. Country Analytical Report, Guyana. Evaluation 2002

[Introduction] At the initiative of PAHO/WHO, Guyana, and with the collaboration of the Guyana Advisory Solid Waste Management Association a Workshop on the Regional Evaluation of the Municipal Solid WasteManagement Services. The Workshop was held at a time when consideration was being given to the important issue of "solid waste management for the health of the inhabitants of the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean Region, and its impact on the environment." Dr. Theodore-Gandi, PAHO's Country Representative in Guyana noted that "there was a deficiency of reliable information on the state of the art of solid waste management in all countries, especially in Latin America and the Caribbean" and that the current evaluation "would make possible the identification of problems and deficiencies in municipal solid waste management, compare the progress made, redistribute the resources adequately, and disseminate innovative and low-cost solutions that have proven successful in the countries of theRegion".

Norma Boliviana NB 69003: residuos solidos en establecimientos de salud - almacenamiento / Bolivian standard NB 69003: solid waste in health facilities - storage

Esta norma establece los requisitos que deben reunir los sitios para el almacenamiento de los residuos Clase A, Clase B (B-2) y Clase C, así como las caracteísticas de los recipientes dealmacenamiento de los residuos sólidos que se genrean en los establecientos de salud.

Manual para el manejo de residuos sólidos generados en establecimientos de salud / Manual for the management of solid waste generated in facilities of health

El presente manual tiene como fin orientar la implementación de un sistema organizado de manejo de residuos sólidos dentro de los centros de salud, con la finalidad de controlar y reducir los riesgos para la salud debido a la exposición a los residuos peligrosos que ellos generan; proporcionar a los profesionales, trabajadores de salud y sectores vinculados una herramienta técnica de consulta; crear mecanismos e instrumentos de evaluación que permitan un manejo adecuado de los residuos de manera sostenible

Programa Córdoba limpia

Este programa tiene los siguientes componentes: Construir una red de vertederos regionales controlados y estaciones de transferencia; asesoramiento integral a los municipios con el fin de transferir los distintos tipos de tecnología con el fin de aumentar las tasas de desvío; elaborar una norma que garantice la ejecución, operación y control de los sistemas de gestión de los R.S.U.; clausurar los basurales a cielo abierto existentes a partir de la construcción y operación de los vertederos regionales controlados